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# Intel graphics

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From ArchWiki

Related articles

- Intel GMA 3600
- Xorg
- Kernel mode setting
- Xrandr
- Hybrid graphics
- Vulkan
- GPGPU

Since Intel provides and supports open source drivers, Intel graphics are essentially plug-and-play.

For a comprehensive list of Intel GPU models and corresponding chipsets and CPUs, see Wikipedia:Intel Graphics Technology and Gentoo:Intel#Feature support.

Note:

- PowerVR-based graphics (GMA 3600 series) are not supported by open source drivers.
- Intel's GenN hardware does not refer to the generation of the CPU, it refers to the generation of the GPU, which is different from the generation of the CPU.
- See Xorg#Driver installation to identify your card.

## Installation

- Install one of the following packages, which provide the DRI driver for 3D acceleration.
  - mesa is the up-to-date Mesa package which includes the modern Gallium3D drivers for Gen 3 hardware and later. This is the recommended choice.
  - mesa-amber is the legacy Mesa package which includes the classic (non-Gallium3D) drivers from Gen 2 to Gen 11 hardware. This driver might have better performance or stability for Gen 7 and older hardware, but is unmaintained.
- For 32-bit application support, also install the lib32-mesa or lib32-mesa-amber package from the multilib repository.
- For the DDX driver which provides 2D acceleration in Xorg use one of the following drivers:
  - The modesetting driver included in the xorg-server package is the recommended choice for Gen 4 hardware and later. It uses the DRI driver for acceleration via glamor.
  - The xf86-video-intel package provides the legacy intel DDX driver from Gen 2 to Gen 9 hardware. This package is generally not recommended, see note below.
- For Vulkan support (Haswell and newer; support for earlier chips is incomplete or missing), install the vulkan-intel package. For 32-bit Vulkan support, install the lib32-vulkan-intel package.

Also see Hardware video acceleration.

Note:

- Some (Debian & Ubuntu, Fedora, KDE, Mozilla) recommend not installing the xf86-video-intel driver, and instead falling back on the modesetting driver. See [1], [2], Xorg#Installation, and modesetting(4). However, the modesetting driver can cause problems such as screen tearing and mouse jittering on XFCE, artifacts when switching virtual desktops in Chromium, and vsync jitter/video stutter in mpv.
- The xf86-video-intel driver does not have proper support for Gen 11 and newer hardware, causing lack of acceleration and rendering issues that make Plasma Desktop almost unusable. See [3].
- There have been couple reports [4] [5] where the whole graphics stack hard freezes when xf86-video-intel is installed, not even switching to a different virtual console works (by pressing `Ctrl+Alt+Fn`), only killing the user processes with SysRq works.

## Loading

The Intel kernel module should load fine automatically on system boot.

If it does not happen, then:

- Make sure you do not have `nomodeset` as a kernel parameter, since Intel requires kernel mode-setting.
- Also, check that you have not disabled Intel by using any modprobe blacklisting within `/etc/modprobe.d/` or `/usr/lib/modprobe.d/`.

### Early KMS

Kernel mode setting (KMS) is supported by the `i915` driver and is enabled early since mkinitcpio v32, as the `kms` hook is included by default. For other setups, see Kernel mode setting#Early KMS start for instructions on how to enable KMS as soon as possible at the boot process.

### Enable GuC / HuC firmware loading

The factual accuracy of this article or section is disputed.

Reason: Despite Intel's documentation, Tiger Lake and Rocket Lake GPUs may actually support `enable_guc=3`, and have a default of `enable_guc=1`. (Discuss in Talk:Intel graphics#TGL/RKL GuC Submission)

Starting with Gen9 (Skylake and onwards), Intel GPUs include a Graphics micro (μ) Controller (GuC) which provides the following functionality [6][dead link 2023-09-16 ⓘ]:

- Offloading some media decoding functionality from the CPU to the HEVC/H.265 micro (µ) Controller (HuC). Only applicable if using intel-media-driver for hardware video acceleration. Introduced with Gen9.
- Using the GuC for scheduling, context submission, and power management. Introduced with Alder Lake-P (Mobile), within Gen12.

To use this functionality, the GuC firmware must be loaded. With regards to HuC support, some video features (e.g. CBR rate control on SKL low-power encoding mode) require loading the HuC firmware as well [7]. The GuC and HuC firmware files are both provided by linux-firmware.

GuC functionality is controlled by the `i915.enable_guc` kernel parameter. Its usage is as follows:

enable_guc value | GuC Submission | HuC Firmware Loading | Default for platforms | Supported on platforms
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0 | No | No | Tiger Lake, Rocket Lake, and Pre-Gen12 [8] | All
1 | Yes | No | – | Alder Lake-P (Mobile) and newer
2 | No | Yes | Alder Lake-S (Desktop) [9] [10] | Gen9 and newer
3 | Yes | Yes | Alder Lake-P (Mobile) and newer | Gen 9.5 and newer (better for some)

If GuC submission or HuC firmware loading is not enabled by default for your GPU, you can manually enable it.

Warning: Manually enabling GuC / HuC firmware loading taints the kernel even when the feature is not supported. Moreover, enabling GuC/HuC firmware loading can cause issues on some systems; disable it if you experience freezing (for example, after resuming from hibernation).

First, ensure that linux-firmware is installed.

Set the `i915.enable_guc` kernel parameter, for example with:

    /etc/modprobe.d/i915.conf

    options i915 enable_guc=2

Regenerate the initramfs, on next boot you can verify both GuC and HuC are enabled by using dmesg:

    # dmesg

    [30130.586970] i915 0000:00:02.0: [drm] GuC firmware i915/icl_guc_33.0.0.bin version 33.0 submission:disabled
    [30130.586973] i915 0000:00:02.0: [drm] HuC firmware i915/icl_huc_9.0.0.bin version 9.0 authenticated:yes

If they are not supported by your graphics adapter you will see:

    # dmesg

    [    0.571339] i915 0000:00:02.0: [drm] Incompatible option enable_guc=2 - GuC is not supported!
    [    0.571340] i915 0000:00:02.0: [drm] Incompatible option enable_guc=2 - HuC is not supported!

Alternatively, check using:

    # cat /sys/kernel/debug/dri/0/gt/uc/guc_info
    # cat /sys/kernel/debug/dri/0/gt/uc/huc_info

Note: Using GVT-g graphics virtualization by setting `enable_gvt=1` is not supported as of linux 4.20.11 when GuC/HuC is also enabled. The i915 module would fail to initialize as shown in system journal.

    # journalctl

    ... kernel: [drm:intel_gvt_init [i915]] *ERROR* i915 GVT-g loading failed due to Graphics virtualization is not yet supported with GuC submission
    ... kernel: i915 0000:00:02.0: [drm:i915_driver_load [i915]] Device initialization failed (-5)
    ... kernel: i915: probe of 0000:00:02.0 failed with error -5
    ... kernel: snd_hda_intel 0000:00:1f.3: failed to add i915 component master (-19)

Note that the related warning is not fatal, as explained in [11]:

    # journalctl -b

    ... kernel: i915 0000:00:02.0: Direct firmware load for i915/gvt/vid_0x8086_did_0x5916_rid_0x02.golden_hw_state failed with error -2

## Xorg configuration

There is generally no need for any configuration to run Xorg.

However, to take advantage of some driver options or if Xorg does not start, you can create an Xorg configuration file.

### With the modesetting driver

If you have installed xf86-video-intel but want to load the modesetting driver explicitly instead of letting the DDX driver take priority, for example when trying to compare them:

    /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf

    Section "Device"
      Identifier "Intel Graphics"
      Driver "modesetting"
    EndSection

### With the Intel driver

Note: The following requires xf86-video-intel.

Create an Xorg configuration file similar to the one below:

    /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf

    Section "Device"
      Identifier "Intel Graphics"
      Driver "intel"
    EndSection

Additional options are added by the user on new lines below `Driver`. For the full list of options, see the intel(4) man page.

Note: You might need to add more device sections than the one listed above. This will be indicated where necessary.

#### AccelMethod

You may need to indicate `Option "AccelMethod"` when creating a configuration file, the classical options are `UXA`, `SNA` (default) and `BLT`.

If you experience issues with default `SNA` (e.g. pixelated graphics, corrupt text, etc.), try using `UXA` instead, which can be done by adding the following line to your configuration file:

    Option      "AccelMethod"  "uxa"

See the "AccelMethod" option under intel(4) § CONFIGURATION DETAILS.

#### Using Intel DDX driver with recent GPUs

For Intel GPUs starting from Gen8 (Broadwell), the Iris Mesa driver is needed:

    Option      "DRI"  "iris"

#### Disabling TearFree, TripleBuffer, SwapbuffersWait

If you use a compositor (the default in modern desktop environment like GNOME, KDE Plasma, Xfce, etc.), then TearFree, TripleBuffer and SwapbuffersWait can usually be disabled to improve performance and decrease power consumption.

    Option      "TearFree"        "false"
    Option      "TripleBuffer"    "false"
    Option      "SwapbuffersWait" "false"

## Module-based options

The `i915` kernel module allows for configuration via module options. Some of the module options impact power saving.

A list of all options along with short descriptions and default values can be generated with the following command:

    $ modinfo -p i915

To check which options are currently enabled, run

    # systool -m i915 -av

You will note that many options default to -1, resulting in per-chip powersaving defaults. It is however possible to configure more aggressive powersaving by using module options.

Note: Diverting from the defaults will mark the kernel as tainted from Linux 3.18 onwards. This basically implies using other options than the per-chip defaults is considered experimental and not supported by the developers.

### Framebuffer compression (enable_fbc)

Framebuffer compression (FBC) is a feature that can reduce power consumption and memory bandwidth during screen refreshes.

The feature will be automatically enabled if supported by the hardware. You can use the command below to verify whether it is is enabled:

    $ modinfo i915 | grep enable_fbc

    parm:           enable_fbc:Enable frame buffer compression for power savings (default: -1 (use per-chip default)) (int)

If the parm is set to `-1`, you do not need to do anything. Otherwise, to force-enable FBC, use `i915.enable_fbc=1` as kernel parameter or set in `/etc/modprobe.d/i915.conf`:

    /etc/modprobe.d/i915.conf

    options i915 enable_fbc=1

Note: Framebuffer compression may be unreliable or unavailable on Intel GPU generations before Sandy Bridge (generation 6). This results in messages logged to the system journal similar to this one:

    kernel: drm: not enough stolen space for compressed buffer, disabling.

Enabling frame buffer compression on pre-Sandy Bridge CPUs results in endless error messages:

    # dmesg

    [ 2360.475430] [drm] not enough stolen space for compressed buffer (need 4325376 bytes), disabling
    [ 2360.475437] [drm] hint: you may be able to increase stolen memory size in the BIOS to avoid this

The solution is to disable frame buffer compression which will imperceptibly increase power consumption (around 0.06 W). In order to disable it add `i915.enable_fbc=0` to the kernel line parameters. More information on the results of disabled compression can be found here.

### Fastboot

Note: This parameter is enabled by default for Skylake and newer[12] as well as Bay- and Cherry-Trail (VLV/CHV)[13] since Linux 5.1[14], has subsequently been removed completely since Linux 6.7[15], and fastboot has finally been enabled for all GPU generations (including those older than Skylake) since Linux 6.9.[16]

The goal of Intel Fastboot is to preserve the frame-buffer as setup by the BIOS or boot loader to avoid any flickering until Xorg has started.[17][18]

To force enable fastboot on platforms where it is not the default already, set `i915.fastboot=1` as kernel parameter or set in `/etc/modprobe.d/i915.conf`:

    /etc/modprobe.d/i915.conf

    options i915 fastboot=1

### Intel GVT-g graphics virtualization support

See Intel GVT-g for details.

### Enable performance support

This article or section needs expansion.

Reason: What does Mesa actually do using the performance counters? What's the effect of this? Some report drastic performance increases on Intel Tiger Lake, attributing it to a support for Dynamic Tuning [19]. (Discuss in Talk:Intel graphics#Potential performance gains via Observation Architecture)

Starting with Gen6 (Sandy Bridge and onwards), Intel GPUs provide performance counters used for exposing internal performance data to drivers. The drivers and hardware registers refer to this infrastructure as the Observation Architecture (internally "OA") [20], but Intel's documentation also more generally refers to this functionality as providing Observability Performance Counters [21][dead link 2023-09-16 ⓘ] [22][dead link 2023-09-16 ⓘ].

By default, only programs running with the CAP_SYS_ADMIN (equivalent to root) or CAP_PERFMON capabilities can utilize the observation architecture [23] [24]. Most applications will be running without either of these, resulting in the following warning:

    MESA-INTEL: warning: Performance support disabled, consider sysctl dev.i915.perf_stream_paranoid=0

To enable performance support without using the capabilities (or root), set the kernel parameter as described in sysctl.

Warning: The restrictive defaults of the `perf_event_paranoid` family of options exists because there is risk associated with allowing applications to access performance data [25]. With this being said, `dev.i915.perf_stream_paranoid` only influences access to GPU performance counters, which carry less risk than e.g. CPU architectural execution context registers.

## Tips and tricks

### Setting scaling mode

This can be useful for some full screen applications:

    $ xrandr --output LVDS1 --set PANEL_FITTING param

where `param` can be:

- `center`: resolution will be kept exactly as defined, no scaling will be made,
- `full`: scale the resolution so it uses the entire screen or
- `full_aspect`: scale the resolution to the maximum possible but keep the aspect ratio.

If it does not work, try:

    $ xrandr --output LVDS1 --set "scaling mode" param

where `param` is one of `"Full"`, `"Center"` or `"Full aspect"`.

Note: This option currently does not work for external displays (e.g. VGA, DVI, HDMI, DP). [26]

### Hardware accelerated H.264 decoding on GMA 4500

The libva-intel-driver package only provides hardware accelerated MPEG-2 decoding – and not H.264 decoding – for some GMA 4500 series GPUs. To check whether that affects your particular GPU, install both that driver and the libva-utils package, then check the output of the `vainfo` tool for the presence of entries that start with `VAProfileH264`.

The H.264 decoding support is maintained in a separated g45-h264 branch, which can be used by installing libva-intel-driver-g45-h264AUR package. Note, however, that this support is experimental and its development has been abandoned. Using the VA-API with this driver on a GMA 4500 series GPU will offload the CPU but may not result in as smooth a playback as non-accelerated playback. Tests using mplayer showed that using vaapi to play back an H.264 encoded 1080p video halved the CPU load (compared to the XV overlay) but resulted in very choppy playback, while 720p worked reasonably well [27]. This is echoed by other experiences [28]. Setting the preallocated video ram size higher in BIOS results in much better hardware decoded playback. Even 1080p h264 works well if this is done[29]. Smooth playback (1080p/720p) works also with mpv-gitAUR in combination with ffmpeg-gitAUR and libva-intel-driver-g45-h264AUR. With MPV and the Firefox plugin "Send to MPV player"[30] it is possible to watch hardware accelerated YouTube videos.

### Overriding reported OpenGL version

The `MESA_GL_VERSION_OVERRIDE` environment variable can be used to override the reported OpenGL version to any application. For example, setting `MESA_GL_VERSION_OVERRIDE=4.5` will report OpenGL 4.5.

Note: You can use this variable to report any known OpenGL version, even if it is not supported by the GPU. Some applications might no longer crash, some may start crashing - you probably do not want to set this variable globally.

### Monitoring

This article or section is a candidate for merging with Hardware video acceleration#Verification.

Notes: This overlaps the content at the previously linked page and would probably be a better fit in a generic page instead of this one dedicated to Intel GPUs. Otherwise, Hardware video acceleration#Verification should be modified to link to each dedicated page instead of duplicating content. (Discuss in Talk:Intel graphics)

- intel_gpu_top — A top-like task monitor for Intel GPUs (requires root permissions).

  https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/drm/igt-gpu-tools || intel-gpu-tools

- nvtop — GPUs process monitoring for AMD, Intel and NVIDIA (currently has very basic support for Intel GPUs).

  https://github.com/Syllo/nvtop || nvtop

### Setting brightness and gamma

See Backlight.

### Testing the new experimental Xe driver

To try the (experimental) new Xe driver, you need:

- linux 6.8 or above
- Tiger Lake integrated graphics and newer, or a discrete graphic card.
- mesa from the official repository. Alternatively, make sure mesa is built with `-D intel-xe-kmd=enabled`.

Note your PCI ID with:

    $ lspci -nn | grep VGA

    00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation TigerLake-LP GT2 [Iris Xe Graphics] [8086:9a49] (rev 01)

Then add the following to your Kernel parameters with the appropriate PCI ID:

    ... i915.force_probe=!9a49 xe.force_probe=9a49

Make sure you have an alternate solution to boot in order to revert if necessary.

## Troubleshooting

### Tearing

#### With the Intel driver

The SNA acceleration method causes tearing on some machines. To fix this, enable the `TearFree` option in the xf86-video-intel driver by adding the following line to your configuration file:

    /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf

    Section "Device"
      Identifier "Intel Graphics"
      Driver "intel"
      Option "TearFree" "true"
    EndSection

See the original bug report for more info.

Note:

- This option may not work when `SwapbuffersWait` is `false`.
- This option may increase memory allocation considerably and reduce performance. [31]
- This option is problematic for applications that are very picky about vsync timing, like Super Meat Boy.
- This option does not work with UXA acceleration method, only with SNA.
- For Intel UHD 620 or 630 you will need to add `Option "TripleBuffer" "true"` in order for `TearFree` to work.
- It might be necessary to disable DRI3 by adding `Option "DRI" "2"`, otherwise any full screen app (such as video playback) can break TearFree. [32]

#### With the modesetting driver

TearFree support was recently added to the modesetting driver [33][34]. As of November 2023, this patch has yet to reach a stable release, so you will need xorg-server-gitAUR until then.

    /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf

    Section "Device"
      Identifier "Intel Graphics"
      Driver "modesetting"
      Option "TearFree" "true"
    EndSection

### Disable Vertical Synchronization (VSYNC)

Useful when:

- Chromium/Chrome has lags and slow performance due to GPU and runs smoothly with --disable-gpu switch
- glxgears test does not show desired performance

The intel-driver uses Triple Buffering for vertical synchronization; this allows for full performance and avoids tearing. To turn vertical synchronization off (e.g. for benchmarking) use this `.drirc` in your home directory:

    ~/.drirc

    <device screen="0" driver="dri2">
    	<application name="Default">
    		<option name="vblank_mode" value="0"/>
    	</application>
    </device>

Note: Do not use driconfAUR to create this file. It is buggy and will set the wrong driver.

### DRI3 issues

DRI3 is the default DRI version in xf86-video-intel. On some systems this can cause issues such as this. To switch back to DRI2 add the following line to your configuration file:

    Option "DRI" "2"

For the `modesetting` driver, this method of disabling DRI3 does not work. Instead, one can set the environment variable `LIBGL_DRI3_DISABLE=1`.

### Font and screen corruption in GTK applications (missing glyphs after suspend/resume)

Should you experience missing font glyphs in GTK applications, the following workaround might help. Edit `/etc/environment` to add the following line:

    /etc/environment

    COGL_ATLAS_DEFAULT_BLIT_MODE=framebuffer

See also FreeDesktop bug 88584.

### Blank screen during boot, when "Loading modules"

This article or section is being considered for removal.

Reason: Since mkinitcpio v32, the `kms` hook is included by default, therefore most setups will have early loading enabled by default. (Discuss in Talk:Intel graphics)

If using "late start" KMS and the screen goes blank when "Loading modules", it may help to add `i915` and `intel_agp` to the initramfs. See Kernel mode setting#Early KMS start section.

Alternatively, appending the following kernel parameter seems to work as well:

    video=SVIDEO-1:d

If you need to output to VGA then try this:

    video=VGA-1:1280x800

### X freeze/crash with intel driver

Some issues with X crashing, GPU hanging, or problems with X freezing, can be fixed by disabling the GPU usage with the `NoAccel` option - add the following lines to your configuration file:

      Option "NoAccel" "True"

Alternatively, try to disable the 3D acceleration only with the `DRI` option:

      Option "DRI" "False"

### Adding undetected resolutions

This issue is covered on the Xrandr page.

### Backlight is not adjustable

If after resuming from suspend, the hotkeys for changing the screen brightness do not take effect, check your configuration against the Backlight article.

If the problem persists, try one of the following kernel parameters:

    acpi_osi=Linux
    acpi_osi="!Windows 2012"
    acpi_osi=

Also make sure you are not using fastboot mode (`i915.fastboot` kernel parameter), it is known for breaking backlight controls.

### Corruption or unresponsiveness in Chromium and Firefox

If you experience corruption, unresponsiveness, lags or slow performance in Chromium and/or Firefox some possible solutions are:

- Set the AccelMethod to "uxa"
- Disable VSYNC
- Enable the TearFree option
- Disable "DRI" and acceleration method (tested on Intel Iris 10th generation):

      Option "NoAccel" "True"
      Option "DRI" "False"

### Kernel crashing w/kernels 4.0+ on Broadwell/Core-M chips

A few seconds after X/Wayland loads the machine will freeze and journalctl will log a kernel crash referencing the Intel graphics as below:

    Jun 16 17:54:03 hostname kernel: BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at           (null)
    Jun 16 17:54:03 hostname kernel: IP: [<          (null)>]           (null)
    ...
    Jun 16 17:54:03 hostname kernel: CPU: 0 PID: 733 Comm: gnome-shell Tainted: G     U     O    4.0.5-1-ARCH #1
    ...
    Jun 16 17:54:03 hostname kernel: Call Trace:
    Jun 16 17:54:03 hostname kernel:  [<ffffffffa055cc27>] ? i915_gem_object_sync+0xe7/0x190 [i915]
    Jun 16 17:54:03 hostname kernel:  [<ffffffffa0579634>] intel_execlists_submission+0x294/0x4c0 [i915]
    Jun 16 17:54:03 hostname kernel:  [<ffffffffa05539fc>] i915_gem_do_execbuffer.isra.12+0xabc/0x1230 [i915]
    Jun 16 17:54:03 hostname kernel:  [<ffffffffa055d349>] ? i915_gem_object_set_to_cpu_domain+0xa9/0x1f0 [i915]
    Jun 16 17:54:03 hostname kernel:  [<ffffffff811ba2ae>] ? __kmalloc+0x2e/0x2a0
    Jun 16 17:54:03 hostname kernel:  [<ffffffffa0555471>] i915_gem_execbuffer2+0x141/0x2b0 [i915]
    Jun 16 17:54:03 hostname kernel:  [<ffffffffa042fcab>] drm_ioctl+0x1db/0x640 [drm]
    Jun 16 17:54:03 hostname kernel:  [<ffffffffa0555330>] ? i915_gem_execbuffer+0x450/0x450 [i915]
    Jun 16 17:54:03 hostname kernel:  [<ffffffff8122339b>] ? eventfd_ctx_read+0x16b/0x200
    Jun 16 17:54:03 hostname kernel:  [<ffffffff811ebc36>] do_vfs_ioctl+0x2c6/0x4d0
    Jun 16 17:54:03 hostname kernel:  [<ffffffff811f6452>] ? __fget+0x72/0xb0
    Jun 16 17:54:03 hostname kernel:  [<ffffffff811ebec1>] SyS_ioctl+0x81/0xa0
    Jun 16 17:54:03 hostname kernel:  [<ffffffff8157a589>] system_call_fastpath+0x12/0x17
    Jun 16 17:54:03 hostname kernel: Code:  Bad RIP value.
    Jun 16 17:54:03 hostname kernel: RIP  [<          (null)>]           (null)

This can be fixed by disabling execlist support which was changed to default on with kernel 4.0. Add the following kernel parameter:

    i915.enable_execlists=0

This is known to be broken to at least kernel 4.0.5.

### Lag in Windows guests

The video output of a Windows guest in VirtualBox sometimes hangs until the host forces a screen update (e.g. by moving the mouse cursor). Removing the `enable_fbc=1` option fixes this issue.

### Screen flickering

Panel Self Refresh (PSR), a power saving feature used by Intel iGPUs is known to cause flickering in some instances FS#49628 FS#49371 FS#50605. A temporary solution is to disable this feature using the kernel parameter `i915.enable_psr=0`.

### OpenGL 2.1 with i915 driver

The classic mesa driver for Gen 3 GPUs included in the mesa-amber package reports OpenGL 2.0 by default, because the hardware is not fully compatible with OpenGL 2.1.[35] OpenGL 2.1 support can be enabled manually by setting `/etc/drirc` or `~/.drirc` options like:

    /etc/drirc

    <driconf>
    ...
        <device driver="i915">
            <application name="Default">
                <option name="stub_occlusion_query" value="true" />
                <option name="fragment_shader" value="true" />
            </application>
        </device>
    ...
    </driconf>

Note:

- The reason of this step back was Chromium and other applications' bad experience. If needed, you might edit the drirc file in a "app-specific" style, see here, to disable OpenGL 2.1 on executable `chromium` for instance.
- The new Gallium based i915 driver included in mesa package always reports OpenGL 2.1, so this setting is not needed for that driver.

### KMS Issue: console is limited to small area

One of the low-resolution video ports may be enabled on boot which is causing the terminal to utilize a small area of the screen. To fix, explicitly disable the port with an i915 module setting with `video=SVIDEO-1:d` in the kernel command line parameter in the boot loader. See Kernel parameters for more info.

If that does not work, try disabling TV1 or VGA1 instead of SVIDEO-1. Video port names can be listed with xrandr.

### No sound through HDMI on a Haswell CPU

According to a Linux kernel issue, sound will not be output through HDMI if `intel_iommu=on`. To fix this problem, use the following kernel parameter:

    intel_iommu=on,igfx_off

Or alternatively, disable IOMMU:

    intel_iommu=off

### Crash/freeze on low power Intel CPUs

The factual accuracy of this article or section is disputed.

Reason: `enable_dc=0` may not impede on power management to the extent claimed here. (Discuss in Talk:Intel graphics#Incorrect statements regarding power usage penalty of enable_dc=0)

Low-powered Intel processors and/or laptop processors have a tendency to randomly hang or crash due to the problems with the power management features found in low-power Intel chips. If such a crash happens, you will not see any logs reporting this problem. Adding the following Kernel parameters may help to resolve the problem.

Note: It is not advised to use all three of the below kernel parameters together.

    intel_idle.max_cstate=1 i915.enable_dc=0 ahci.mobile_lpm_policy=1

`ahci.mobile_lpm_policy=1` fixes a hang on several Lenovo laptops and some Acer notebooks due to problematic SATA controller power management. That workaround is strictly not related to Intel graphics but it does solve related issues. Adding this kernel parameter sets the link power management from firmware default to maximum performance and will also solve hangs when you change display brightness on certain Lenovo machines but increases idle power consumption by 1-1.5 W on modern ultrabooks. For further information, especially about the other states, see the Linux kernel mailing list and Red Hat documentation.

`i915.enable_dc=0` disables GPU power management. This does solve random hangs on certain Intel systems, notably Goldmount and Kaby Lake Refresh chips. Using this parameter does result in higher power use and shorter battery life on laptops/notebooks.

`intel_idle.max_cstate=1` limits the processors sleep states, it prevents the processor from going into deep sleep states. That is absolutely not ideal and does result in higher power use and lower battery life. However, it does solve random hangs on many Intel systems. Use this if you have a Intel Baytrail or a Kaby Lake Refresh chip. Intel "Baytrail" chips were known to randomly hang without this kernel parameter due to a hardware flaw, theoretically fixed 2019-04-26. More information about the max_cstate parameter can be found in the kernel documentation and about the cstates in general on a writeup on GitHub.

If you try adding `intel_idle.max_cstate=1 i915.enable_dc=0 ahci.mobile_lpm_policy=1` in the hope of fixing frequent hangs and that solves the issue you should later remove one by one to see which of them actually helped you solve the issue. Running with cstates and display power management disabled is not advisable if the actual problem is related to SATA power management and `ahci.mobile_lpm_policy=1` is the one that actually solves it.

Check Linux Reviews for more details.

#### Higher C-states prevent wakeup from S3

In case you infrequently wake up to a black screen, but the system otherwise properly resumes with `CPU pipe A FIFO underrun` messages in the journal and limiting `intel_idle.max_cstate=1` reliably prevents that, you can use Suspend_and_hibernate#Sleep_hooks and cpupower-idle-set(1) to effectively control the C-state around the suspend cycle with `-D0` and `-E` to not permanently run the CPU in the lowest C-state.

### Add support for 165Hz monitor

This article or section is a candidate for merging with Kernel mode setting#Forcing modes and EDID.

Notes: This technique does not appear to be specific to i915. Before merging, one should verify that the install script is necessary, and that there is not an easier way to add the EDID BIN to the initramfs. (Discuss in Talk:Intel graphics)

For some 165Hz monitors, xrandr might not display the 165Hz option, and the fix in #Adding undetected resolutions does not solve this. In this case, see i915-driver-stuck-at-40hz-on-165hz-screen.

Note: Other than creating `/etc/initramfs-tools/hooks/edid`, a mkinitcpio hook should be made:

    /etc/initcpio/install/edid

    #!/bin/bash

    build() {
        add_file /lib/firmware/edid/edid.bin
    }

    help() {
        cat <<HELPEOF
    This hook add support for 165Hz
    HELPEOF
    }

Then append edid in HOOKS of `/etc/mkinitcpio.conf`, Just like this:

    /etc/mkinitcpio.conf

    HOOKS=(... fsck edid)

Then regenerate the initramfs.

### Freeze after wake from sleep/suspend with Raptor Lake and Alder Lake-P

Users with Raptor Lake and Alder Lake-P 12th gen mobile processor laptops from various vendors experienced freeze and black-screen after waking up from suspending. It is because many laptop vendors ship an incorrect VBT (Video BIOS Table), as described in freedesktop issues 5531 6401, that wrongly describe the actual ports connected to the iGPU. In this case, all of the documented cases concern duplicate eDP entries.

Considering most vendors will not publish a BIOS update for a laptop with a properly working Windows OS, Linux users could only address the issue on the kernel side. There are two methods for a user to prevent the duplicate eDP entries from affecting the kernel: patching the kernel or loading a modified VBT.

For patching the kernel, the duplicate eDP entry needs to be identified by analyzing the output of:

    # intel_vbt_decode /sys/kernel/debug/dri/1/i915_vbt

     Child device info:
            Device handle: 0x0008 (LFP 1 (eDP))
            Device type: 0x1806 (unknown)
     ...
     Child device info:
            Device handle: 0x0080 (LFP 2 (eDP))
            Device type: 0x1806 (unknown)

This shows that there is in fact a duplicate eDP, and the kernel should ignore the second entry, but the user is still encouraged to check this. This can then be patched with the following kernel patch in which the index of the duplicate screen can be substituted for `ignoreEntry = 1` if it needs be.

    --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_bios.c
    +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_bios.c
    @@ -3688,6 +3688,14 @@
    {
           struct intel_bios_encoder_data *devdata;

    +       int ignoreEntry = 0;
    +
           list_for_each_entry(devdata, &i915->display.vbt.display_devices, node)
    -               func(i915, devdata);
    +       {
    +               if (ignoreEntry != 1)
    +               {
    +                       func(i915, devdata);
    +                       ignoreEntry++;
    +               }
    +       }
    }

A second way to solve this is to edit the VBT by directly erasing the duplicate entry from the VBT.

This works by copying the VBT and editing it with a hex editor and changing the device type corresponding with the duplicate device handle to `00 00`:

    $ cat /sys/kernel/debug/dri/0/i915_vbt > vbt

    --- vbt
    +++ modified_vbt
    @@ -22,10 +22,10 @@
     00000150  00 08 00 20 00 08 00 10  00 08 00 02 00 08 00 01  |... ............|
     00000160  00 08 00 00 01 08 00 00  00 04 00 00 00 40 00 00  |.............@..|
     00000170  00 20 00 00 00 10 00 00  00 02 00 00 00 01 00 00  |. ..............|
    -00000180  00 00 01 00 00 02 8b 01  02 04 00 00 27 08 00 06  |............'...|
    -00000190  18 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 0a 00 00  |................|
    +00000180  00 00 01 00 00 02 8b 01  02 04 00 00 27 08 00 00  |............'...|
    +00000190  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 0a 00 00  |................|
     000001a0  03 00 00 00 c0 00 40 00  20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |......@. .......|
    -000001b0  00 00 20 00 80 00 06 18  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.. .............|
    +000001b0  00 00 20 00 80 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.. .............|
     000001c0  00 00 00 00 07 00 00 00  00 00 00 c0 00 10 00 20  |............... |
     000001d0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 20 00 04 00 d2 60 00  |......... ....`.|
     000001e0  10 10 00 23 21 10 00 00  00 00 00 07 00 00 02 00  |...#!...........|

The modified VBT can then be loaded by copying it to `/lib/firmware/modified_vbt` passing `i915.vbt_firmware=modified_vbt` as a kernel parameter and, if required, regenerate the initramfs.

## See also

- linux graphics (includes a list of 106 related products)
- Intel® Processor Graphics (includes a table of processor series, former code name, launch date and graphics technology)

Categories:

- Graphics
- X server

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